| Research and Development |
| R&D personnel | 587.5 per million people in 2021 | WB |
| Europe R&D personnel (per million people) |
| Sweden | 8,130.79 in 2021 | WB |
| Finland | 7,870.65 in 2021 | WB |
| Denmark | 7,707.73 in 2021 | WB |
| Norway | 7,227.93 in 2021 | WB |
| Iceland | 6,940.42 in 2021 | WB |
| Belgium | 6,581.89 in 2021 | WB |
| Austria | 6,341.74 in 2021 | WB |
| Netherlands | 6,074.31 in 2021 | WB |
| Switzerland | 6,022.75 in 2021 | WB |
| Germany | 5,535.95 in 2021 | WB |
| Portugal | 5,473.45 in 2021 | WB |
| Ireland | 5,250.68 in 2021 | WB |
| Slovenia | 5,223 in 2021 | WB |
| France | 5,175.01 in 2021 | WB |
| Luxembourg | 4,940.6 in 2021 | WB |
| Czech Republic | 4,568.61 in 2021 | WB |
| United Kingdom | 4,491.32 in 2017 | WB |
| Hungary | 4,452.15 in 2021 | WB |
| Greece | 4,326.31 in 2021 | WB |
| Estonia | 4,038.2 in 2021 | WB |
| Lithuania | 3,935.09 in 2021 | WB |
| Poland | 3,534.5 in 2021 | WB |
| Spain | 3,251.74 in 2021 | WB |
| Slovakia | 3,211.04 in 2021 | WB |
| Russian Federation | 2,724.91 in 2020 | WB |
| Italy | 2,677.84 in 2021 | WB |
| Latvia | 2,404.52 in 2021 | WB |
| Bulgaria | 2,339.25 in 2021 | WB |
| Croatia | 2,330.91 in 2021 | WB |
| Serbia | 2,206.71 in 2021 | WB |
| Malta | 2,160.73 in 2021 | WB |
| Belarus | 1,393.54 in 2021 | WB |
| Romania | 985.49 in 2021 | WB |
| Republic of Moldova | 781.24 in 2021 | WB |
| North Macedonia | 743.69 in 2021 | WB |
| Montenegro | 743.38 in 2019 | WB |
| Ukraine | 587.5 in 2021 | WB |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 442.83 in 2021 | WB |
| Monaco | 310.64 in 2005 | WB |
| Albania | 157.6 in 2008 | WB |
| Research and Development R&D personnel |
| Number of Researchers R&D personnel | 587.5 per million people in 2021 | WB |
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