National Institute of Statistics, Italy

Data source(s) used: The statistical business register Asia-employment The statistical business register Asia-employment contains details on the employment of units covered by the business register Asia; since it was set-up in 2011, in the occasion of the Italian “virtual” economic census CIS2011, it is yearly updated. It is organized according to a LEED structure (Linked Employer Employee Database) that brings together information from both sides of the enterprise, individual (workers) and job relation classified according to the international standards on employment, in the reference year. The register Asia-employment contains information on the enterprise, i.e. those characteristics already registered in the Business register Asia, the individual and the main job variables by job typologies. In specific, employment is formed by internal, employees and self-employed, and so-called external workers of an enterprise which represents all people that, not classified as employees or self-employment participate to the productive process of the enterprise on the base of a contract. The group of external workers contains also those temporary workers which can be utilized from a temporary employment agency. Employment is measured in terms of yearly average of job positions, calculated on the base of the presence of the worker in the week of reference of each month. With regards to variables, worker’s characteristics such as sex, age, nationality and education are available for all the typologies; job variables vary according to the job typologies. Available variables are: professional status, type of contract, beneficiary of active labor policies, for employees; self-employment in strict sense and contributing family workers, for total self-employment; class of remuneration, type of contract and period of work, for external “parasubordinati” workers; period of work, for temporary workers.From the 2014 version three more innovations have been introduced: 1-The link with SIM (Microdata Integrated System) so that unique identification codes are attributed to each individual-worker. SIM is a centralized system that integrates and stores all administrative data feeding the base Registers. Specifically, the non-invariant character of the workers (gender, age and place of birth) is derived from SIM. This integration ensures that processing of microdata of workers is carried out in compliance with the current legislation on the protection of personal data. 2-For the attribution of the variable “beneficiary of contributory reliefs”, the target typology “youth” was classified by using the information both on the contribution type and on the apprenticeship: i) Apprenticeship for qualification and for professional diploma, ii) Apprenticeship or professional contract, iii) Apprenticeship with high education and research. The classification changes according to the evolution of labor policies regulation 3-The classification of education for the individuals-workers is the result of a procedure that integrates the education levels obtained at the 2011 Population Census with the Istat data base on Education Information (BIT) yearly updated with administrative sources. The information on education in Asia-employmentEducation is a hierarchic variable assigned to each individual-worker at two levels of classification. At first level, educational attainment is represented by 8 modalities, not availability is one of them: no formal education and primary school certificatediploma of lower secondary educationupper secondary school certificatediploma of upper secondary educationuniversity degree (2-3 years) old programme, first degree, first level academic diplomamaster's degree (second level - old and new programme) and second level academic diplomaresearch doctoral degreenot availableAt the second hierarchical level the following three first levels are classified into groups: diploma of upper secondary education, into 3 groups in addition to the not available mode university degree (2-3 years) old programme, first degree, first level academic diploma, into 18 groups such as AFAM first level academic diploma, university degree (2-3 years), master’s degree (3 years), in addition to the not available modemaster's degree (second level - old and new programme) and second level academic diploma, into 16 groups such as AFAM second level academic diploma, master’s degree ((second level - old and new programme), in addition to the not available modeIt should be underlined that while offering relevant information potential, the first and second level of education attainment do not have total coverage in the Register. "Unavailable" mode indicates the missing worker’s education due to a lack of information in the database.

Data source(s) used: Labour cost survey: Istat disseminates the main results of the Labour cost survey (LCS), with reference to the year 2008 (the survey is carried out every four years) according to the requirements of Council Regulation 530/99 and Commission Regulation n. 1737/2005. The objective of this legislation is to provide accurate and harmonised data in EU Member States. Labour cost survey includes compensation of employees (wages and salaries and employers' social contributions), vocational training costs, and other expenditures such as recruitment costs and other costs (related to employing labour) paid by the employers. The data for LCS 2008 refers to enterprises and institutions with at least ten employees, belonging to the sections of NACE Rev. 2 from B to S excluding O. All variables are broken down by enterprise size category, economic activity and region (NUTS at 1-digit level). The final estimates resulted from an integration approach based on Istat statistical sources, administrative files and tax data.

Data source(s) used: Small and medium enterprise survey -SME (including professional and artistic activities):The sample survey on the small and medium enterprises (SME) covers the population of enterprises with 1 to 99 persons employed and answers to the request of SBS EU Council Regulation n. 58/97 (until the reference year 2007 in Nace Rev.1.1) and SBS EU Council Regulation n. 295/2008 (starting from the reference year 2008 in Nace Rev.2). The observation unit is the enterprise and the frame is represented by the Italian business register (Asia). The sampling design is a one stage stratified random sampling, with the strata defined by the combination of economic activity, size class of persons employed and administrative region. The main variables collected annually by an electronic questionnaire regard business competitivity, employment, personnel cost, investments. The data collected is treated with statistical procedures for assuring consistency and coherence and non-response technique, by integrating data from administrative sources. The estimation methodology is based on calibration, by using known totals from the business register (the number of the persons employed and enterprises).Survey on enterprise accounting system: The Survey on Economic and financial accounts of large enterprises covers all enterprises operating in Italy with at least 100 persons employed and concerns all enterprises of industrial and services sectors excluding financial services The survey collects data concerning profit-and-loss accounts and balance sheets and data about KAU (Kind of Activity Units) . Moreover, information regarding employment, investment and personnel costs are requested. The survey is carried out according to the normative guidelines of the EC Structural Business Statistics (SBS) Regulation N 295/2008. The questionnaires is electronic.

Data source(s) used: Small and medium enterprise survey -SME (including professional and artistic activities):The sample survey on the small and medium enterprises (SME) covers the population of enterprises with 1 to 99 persons employed and answers to the request of SBS EU Council Regulation n. 58/97 (until the reference year 2007 in Nace Rev.1.1) and SBS EU Council Regulation n. 295/2008 (starting from the reference year 2008 in Nace Rev.2). The observation unit is the enterprise and the frame is represented by the Italian business register (Asia). The sampling design is a one stage stratified random sampling, with the strata defined by the combination of economic activity, size class of persons employed and administrative region. The main variables collected annually by an electronic questionnaire regard business competitivity, employment, personnel cost, investments. The data collected is treated with statistical procedures for assuring consistency and coherence and non-response technique, by integrating data from administrative sources. The estimation methodology is based on calibration, by using known totals from the business register (the number of the persons employed and enterprises).Survey on enterprise accounting system: The Survey on Economic and financial accounts of large enterprises covers all enterprises operating in Italy with at least 100 persons employed and concerns all enterprises of industrial and services sectors excluding financial services The survey collects data concerning profit-and-loss accounts and balance sheets and data about KAU (Kind of Activity Units) . Moreover, information regarding employment, investment and personnel costs are requested. The survey is carried out according to the normative guidelines of the EC Structural Business Statistics (SBS) Regulation N 295/2008. The questionnaires is electronic. Other data characteristics: Size class of persons employeed 0-1 and 2-9 are only for the areas of trade and services

Data source(s) used: Monthly survey on employment, working time, earnings and labour cost in large enterprises: Data are collected monthly on enterprises with more than 500 employees covering sectors from B to S of Nace rev.2. Enterprises have been selected from Istat Business Register (Asia 2015); in 2015 large enterprises survey includes 1450 enterprises that represent 23,0 per cent of total employees in the register (17,7 per cent in industry and 26,1 per cent in services). The survey collects information on the number of employed persons, working hours, labour cost, salary and wages at the end of the month. Other data characteristics: The data for January 2015 and February 2015 were adjusted in regard to the additional information received after the publication of 2015 April 30.

Data source(s) used: OROS Survey (Employment, earnings and social security contributions): The Oros survey is aimed at producing quarterly indicators on gross wages, other labour costs and total labour cost for firms with at least one employee. To reduce the statistical burden on enterprises, Oros survey uses data from pre-existent statistical surveys and from administrative sources. Oros indicators are estimated by the integration of Social Security data (employers’ social contribution declarations to Inps, the Italian Social Security Institution) and monthly Large firms Survey data (LES). The Oros target population are enterprises and private institutions with employees that, in the reference quarter, have paid wages and salaries subjected to social contributions and classified in the sectors of industry (sections B to F of the Nace Rev. 2) and services (G to N of the Nace Rev. 2). Each quarter, Oros survey releases a provisional estimate on the current quarter and a final estimate related to the same quarter of the preceding year. The provisional estimate is released with a delay of about 70 days after the end of the reference period and can be revised for the next three quarters until the final estimate release, after 12 months. The final estimate is required to incorporate the new information available after the provisional estimate. The discrepancy between the preliminary estimate and the final one depends on many different factors: - quality and completeness of the final version of the administrative micro data improve with respect to the preliminary version; - the annual revision of the LES data referred to the previous year, included in the OROS estimates in the delivery of the first quarter; – updating of structural variables based on other external sources (e.g. Nace Rev. 2 economic activity classification and institutional nature, etc.); - occasional methodological revisions of the indicators’ estimate.

Data source(s) used: Monthly survey on employment, working time, earnings and labour cost in large enterprises: Data are collected monthly on enterprises with more than 500 employees covering sectors from B to S of Nace rev.2. Enterprises have been selected from Istat Business Register (Asia 2015); in 2015 large enterprises survey includes 1450 enterprises that represent 23,0 per cent of total employees in the register (17,7 per cent in industry and 26,1 per cent in services). The survey collects information on the number of employed persons, working hours, labour cost, salary and wages at the end of the month. Other data characteristics: The data for January 2015 and February 2015 were adjusted in regard to the additional information received after the publication of 2015 April 30.

Data source(s) used: Monthly survey on employment, working time, earnings and labour cost in large enterprises:Data are collected monthly on enterprises with more than 500 employees covering sectors from B to S (excluding O) of Nace rev.2. Currently the large enterprises survey includes 1600 enterprises selected from Istat Business Register (Asia 2013). The survey produces indicators useful for the short term analysis of the number of employed persons, hours worked, labour cost, salary and wages in large enterprises.Quarterly survey on job vacancies and hours worked:The survey, also referred to as VELA, measures quarterly job vacancies, stocks and flows of employment, hours worked and paid in enterprises with 10-499 employees in industry and services (sections B-S,excluding O, of Nace Rev. 2 classification).

Data source(s) used: Monthly survey on employment, working time, earnings and labour cost in large enterprises: Data are collected monthly on enterprises with more than 500 employees covering sectors from B to S of Nace rev.2. Enterprises have been selected from Istat Business Register (Asia 2015); in 2015 large enterprises survey includes 1450 enterprises that represent 23,0 per cent of total employees in the register (17,7 per cent in industry and 26,1 per cent in services). The survey collects information on the number of employed persons, working hours, labour cost, salary and wages at the end of the month. Other data characteristics: The data for January 2015 and February 2015 were adjusted in regard to the additional information received after the publication of 2015 April 30.

Data source(s) used: OROS Survey (Employment, earnings and social security contributions): The Oros survey is aimed at producing quarterly indicators on gross wages, other labour costs and total labour cost for firms with at least one employee. To reduce the statistical burden on enterprises, Oros survey uses data from pre-existent statistical surveys and from administrative sources. Oros indicators are estimated by the integration of Social Security data (employers’ social contribution declarations to Inps, the Italian Social Security Institution) and monthly Large firms Survey data (LES). The Oros target population are enterprises and private institutions with employees that, in the reference quarter, have paid wages and salaries subjected to social contributions and classified in the sectors of industry (sections B to F of the Nace Rev. 2) and services (G to N of the Nace Rev. 2). Each quarter, Oros survey releases a provisional estimate on the current quarter and a final estimate related to the same quarter of the preceding year. The provisional estimate is released with a delay of about 70 days after the end of the reference period and can be revised for the next three quarters until the final estimate release, after 12 months. The final estimate is required to incorporate the new information available after the provisional estimate. The discrepancy between the preliminary estimate and the final one depends on many different factors: - quality and completeness of the final version of the administrative micro data improve with respect to the preliminary version; - the annual revision of the LES data referred to the previous year, included in the OROS estimates in the delivery of the first quarter; – updating of structural variables based on other external sources (e.g. Nace Rev. 2 economic activity classification and institutional nature, etc.); - occasional methodological revisions of the indicators’ estimate.

Data source(s) used: Monthly survey on employment, working time, earnings and labour cost in large enterprises: Data are collected monthly on enterprises with more than 500 employees covering sectors from B to S of Nace rev.2. Enterprises have been selected from Istat Business Register (Asia 2015); in 2015 large enterprises survey includes 1450 enterprises that represent 23,0 per cent of total employees in the register (17,7 per cent in industry and 26,1 per cent in services). The survey collects information on the number of employed persons, working hours, labour cost, salary and wages at the end of the month. Other data characteristics: The data for January 2015 and February 2015 were adjusted in regard to the additional information received after the publication of 2015 April 30.