National Institute of Statistics, Italy

Data source(s) used: Urban environmental data The survey collects environmental informations relating to the capital cities of the 110 Italian provinces. In addition to data collection for the reference year of the survey, the survey also allows the possibility of revising the statistical information collected in relation to previous years, in order to consolidate the time series already available (since 2000). The data collected also contributes to fuel the Environmental Monitoring on the cities, a database designed for the integrated management of statistical information relating to the main environmental issues in urban areas. The issues currently under investigation are: drinking water and water treatment, air quality, use of energy sources, collection and waste management, noise pollution, public transport, urban green, eco-friendly forms of planning, organization and management of local governments. Data and the statistical information derived from the survey, annually disclosed, represent an essential information tool to support the monitoring of the state of the urban environment and the activities undertaken by governments to ensure the good quality of the environment in cities.

Data source(s) used: Urban environmental data The survey collects environmental informations relating to the capital cities of the 110 Italian provinces. In addition to data collection for the reference year of the survey, the survey also allows the possibility of revising the statistical information collected in relation to previous years, in order to consolidate the time series already available (since 2000). The data collected also contributes to fuel the Environmental Monitoring on the cities, a database designed for the integrated management of statistical information relating to the main environmental issues in urban areas. The issues currently under investigation are: drinking water and water treatment, air quality, use of energy sources, collection and waste management, noise pollution, public transport, urban green, eco-friendly forms of planning, organization and management of local governments. Data and the statistical information derived from the survey, annually disclosed, represent an essential information tool to support the monitoring of the state of the urban environment and the activities undertaken by governments to ensure the good quality of the environment in cities.

Data source(s) used: Urban environmental data The survey collects environmental informations relating to the capital cities of the 110 Italian provinces. In addition to data collection for the reference year of the survey, the survey also allows the possibility of revising the statistical information collected in relation to previous years, in order to consolidate the time series already available (since 2000). The data collected also contributes to fuel the Environmental Monitoring on the cities, a database designed for the integrated management of statistical information relating to the main environmental issues in urban areas. The issues currently under investigation are: drinking water and water treatment, air quality, use of energy sources, collection and waste management, noise pollution, public transport, urban green, eco-friendly forms of planning, organization and management of local governments. Data and the statistical information derived from the survey, annually disclosed, represent an essential information tool to support the monitoring of the state of the urban environment and the activities undertaken by governments to ensure the good quality of the environment in cities.

Data source(s) used: The Energy Balance is the accounting tool used to quantify the flows of each primary energy source derived, in all phases, from production or importation of energy sources right up to the final uses in each economic sector. In the Italian National energy balance (BEN) the quantity of energy produced, imported, transformed and consumed in a year is calculated for each energy source in the national territory. The BEN is drawn up and published in a yearly basis by the current Ministry of Economic Development (MSE) according to the methodology set down by European regulations on energy statistics.

Data source(s) used: Energy use data reported in physical environmental accounts are calculated starting from a plurality of sources elaborated in particular by: Ministry of Economic Development (National Energy Balance - BEN; Quarterly Oil Bulletin), Terna (Annual Report on Electricity in Italy; Consumption of electricity by type of activity and type of market), Unione Petrolifera (Economic, energy and environmental statistics), ACI (fleet of vehicles), the Bank of Italy (international maritime transport), Istat (Survey on energy consumption - COEN, carried out in 2013 by Istat-MISE-ENEA; Agriculture Economic accounts; Survey on air transport). Other data characteristics: Data on energy use are gross of transformations, i.e. the energy incorporated in the products used to be transformed into other energy products is also counted in the various uses of the derivative products (for example, the energy counted in the crude oil used to produce motor gasoline is recounted in the use of petrol for transport; the energy incorporated in the products used for the production of electricity is also counted in the phase in which the electricity itself is used; etc.). This results in a phenomenon of double counting of the same energy in different phases of the economic cycle (basically during production/processing phase and consumption phase), that is most relevant, the more the data are aggregated (by type of energy product, by type of use and/or by economic activity). It follows that:- for economic activities as a whole, the 'total use of energy products' is strongly affected by double counting, however, if we consider the individual types of energy use, the data do not present the phenomenon of double counting in the case of 'heating', 'transport', 'transformation into electricity' and 'non-energy use', while the phenomenon does occur, marginally, in the case of 'other energy use with combustion' and 'energy use without combustion';- for individual economic activities, the same considerations as for economic activities as a whole are valid, but the disaggregation by activity considerably attenuates the phenomenon of double counting of energy;- for households, the figures are not affected by double counting as households do not perform any type of transformation of energy products.: Terajoule

Data source(s) used: Production price index for industrial products, Monthly survey on producer prices for industrial products sold on the external market, Monthly survey on producer prices for industrial products sold on the domestic market: the English description of the source is not available at this time, for methodological details go to the Siqual system.

Data source(s) used: The main sources are the National Energy Balance and the IEA/Eurostat/UNECE Energy Questionnaires compiled by the Ministry of economic development (MISE). They are used jointly and complemented by other sources in order to ensure consistency with national economic accounts, to provide more accurate estimates of some aggregates, to ensure the compliance with the residence principle, to allow the breakdown by industry and type of use of energy flows measured by the PEFA. These sources are as follows:- Surveys on Foreign trade of Goods and Services, Survey on Air Transport, Production matrix at current prices, Agriculture economic accounts, Household consumption, produced by Istat; - Survey on international merchandise transport, Survey on international tourism by Bank of Italy;- Survey on Enterprises Final Consumption of Energy Products (COEN) carried out by Istat, ENEA and MISE;- Electricity balance and data on Consumption of electricity by type of activity produced by TERNA (Operator of electricity transmission grids);- Italian vehicle register provided by ACI (Italian automobile association);- Economic, energy and oil statistics produced by Unione Petrolifera;- Road freight transport measurement published on Eurostat datawarehouse;- Air emission inventory by ISPRA (Institute for Environmental Protection and Research). Other data characteristics: PEFA differ from other energy statistics, e.g. National energy balance, for the following characteristics:- the extension of the description of physical energy flows to flows between the natural environment and the economy. PEFA record, in fact, both the energy captured or extracted by economic units directly from natural energy inputs (flows from the environment into the economy), and the energy discarded, discharged or emitted to the environment (flows from the economy to the environment);- the compilation according to the residence principle. PEFA record all energy flows associated with activities of resident units, regardless where these activities actually take place geographically. Therefore, energy flows associated with resident unit's activities abroad have to be taken into account, e.g. the purchase of fuels abroad by resident units for international transport activities (maritime, air and land) and by households temporarily abroad using own or rented vehicles. Conversely, the energy flows associated with non-resident's activities on the territory have to be excluded, e.g. energy flows due to the purchase of fuels on Italian territory by non-resident units;- the use of the main conceptual categories of the economic analysis in conjunction with the technical categories. In particular, data are organized according to the concepts of accumulation, exchange with the rest of the world (import/export), production, intermediate consumption and final consumption of the national accounts, using, for the the producers, the same classification of economic activities used in the national accounts (NACE Rev. 2);- the use of the accounting framework of Supply and Use tables (SUTs) derived from national accounts. In PEFA, the SUT framework has been extended by additional rows and columns in order to accommodate physical flows between economy and environment. Furthermore, energy products are disaggregated in order to allow detailed analysis.: Terajoules.

Data source(s) used: Official statistics relating to the national electricity sector were produced by the statistics office of Terna - Rete elettrica nazionale Spa. Since 1999 the energy services provider has supplied an overview of the renewable energy sources used in Italy . Energy from renewable sources is derived from non-fossil fuels and is classified into the following types: solar, wind, hydraulic, geothermal, biomass, wave and current produced energy.