Temas Investigación y desarrollo Gasto en I&D

Expenditures for research and development are current and capital expenditures (both public and private) on creative work undertaken systematically to increase knowledge, including knowledge of humanity, culture, and society, and the use of knowledge for new applications. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.

Gasto I&D, % del PIB (%)

20002005201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021
Australia1,62,42,22,21,91,91,8
Brunei Darussalam0,3
Camboya0,1
China0,91,31,71,81,92,02,02,12,12,12,12,22,42,4
Hong Kong0,50,80,70,70,70,70,70,80,80,80,90,91,01,0
Indonesia0,10,10,20,20,20,30,3
Japón2,93,13,13,23,23,33,43,23,13,23,23,23,33,3
República de Corea2,12,53,33,63,94,04,14,04,04,34,54,64,84,9
Macao0,10,10,00,00,10,10,10,20,20,20,20,50,4
Malasia0,51,01,01,11,31,31,41,01,0
Mongolia0,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,10,10,10,1
Myanmar0,10,00,10,10,10,1
Nueva Zelandia1,11,21,21,21,31,41,5
Papúa Nueva Guinea0,0
Filipinas0,10,10,10,20,3
Singapur1,82,11,92,11,91,92,12,22,11,91,81,92,2
Tailandia0,20,20,40,40,50,60,81,01,11,11,3
Vietnam0,10,30,40,40,40,4
Armenia0,20,30,20,30,20,20,20,30,20,20,20,20,20,2
Austria1,92,42,72,72,93,03,13,03,13,13,13,13,23,3
Azerbaiyán0,30,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,2
Belarús0,70,70,70,70,60,70,50,50,50,60,60,60,50,5
Bélgica1,91,82,12,22,32,32,42,42,52,72,93,23,43,4
Bosnia y Herzegovina0,00,30,30,30,20,20,20,20,20,20,2
Bulgaria0,50,40,60,50,60,60,80,90,80,70,80,80,80,8
Croacia1,00,80,70,70,70,80,80,80,80,81,01,11,21,2
Chipre0,20,40,40,50,40,50,50,50,50,50,60,70,80,8
República Checa1,11,21,31,51,81,92,01,91,71,81,91,92,02,0
Dinamarca2,22,42,92,93,03,02,93,13,12,93,02,93,02,8
Estonia0,60,91,62,32,11,71,41,51,21,31,41,61,81,8
Finlandia3,23,33,73,63,43,33,12,92,72,72,82,82,93,0
Francia2,12,12,22,22,22,22,32,22,22,22,22,22,32,2
Georgia0,20,20,10,20,30,30,30,30,30,30,3
Alemania2,42,42,72,82,92,82,92,92,93,03,13,23,13,1
Grecia0,60,60,70,70,80,81,01,01,21,21,31,51,5
Hungría0,80,91,11,21,31,41,31,31,21,31,51,51,61,6
Islandia2,62,72,41,71,92,22,12,12,02,32,52,8
Irlanda1,11,21,61,61,61,61,51,21,21,31,21,21,21,1
Italia1,01,01,21,21,31,31,31,31,41,41,41,51,51,5
Kazajstán0,20,30,20,20,20,20,20,20,10,10,10,10,10,1
Kirguistán0,20,20,20,20,20,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,1
Letonia0,40,50,60,70,70,60,70,60,40,50,60,60,70,7
Lituania0,60,70,80,90,90,91,01,00,80,90,91,01,11,1
Luxembourgo1,61,61,41,41,21,21,21,31,31,21,21,21,11,0
North Macedonia0,40,20,20,20,30,40,50,40,40,40,40,40,40,4
República de Moldova0,40,40,30,30,30,30,30,30,30,30,20,20,2
Mónaco0,0
Montenegro0,90,30,40,40,40,30,30,50,4
Holanda1,81,81,71,91,92,22,22,12,22,22,12,22,32,3
Noregua1,51,61,61,61,61,71,92,02,12,02,12,21,9
Polonia0,60,60,70,80,90,91,01,01,01,01,21,31,41,4
Portugal0,70,81,51,51,41,31,31,21,31,31,31,41,61,7
Rumania0,40,40,40,50,50,40,40,50,50,50,50,50,50,5
Federación de Rusia1,01,11,11,01,01,01,11,11,11,11,01,01,1
Serbia0,90,40,70,70,90,70,70,80,80,90,90,90,91,0
Eslovaquia0,60,50,60,70,80,80,91,20,80,90,80,80,90,9
Eslovenia1,41,42,12,42,62,62,42,22,01,91,92,02,12,1
España0,91,11,41,31,31,31,21,21,21,21,21,31,41,4
Suecia3,43,23,23,23,33,13,23,23,43,33,43,53,4
Suiza2,32,93,13,13,23,4
Tayikistán0,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,1
Turquía0,50,60,80,80,80,80,90,91,11,21,31,31,41,4
Ucrania0,91,00,80,70,70,70,70,60,50,40,50,40,40,3
Reino Unido1,61,51,61,61,61,62,32,32,32,32,72,72,92,9
Uzbekistán0,40,20,20,10,20,20,20,20,20,10,10,10,10,1
Argentina0,40,40,60,60,60,60,60,60,60,60,50,50,50,5
Bolivia0,3
Brasil1,01,01,21,11,11,21,31,41,31,11,21,21,1
Chile0,30,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,30,3
Colombia0,10,20,20,20,20,30,30,40,30,30,30,30,3
Costa Rica0,40,50,50,50,50,60,40,40,40,40,30,3
Cuba0,50,50,60,30,40,50,40,40,30,40,50,60,5
Ecuador0,40,30,30,40,4
El Salvador0,10,00,00,10,10,10,10,20,20,20,2
Guatemala0,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,1
Honduras0,00,00,00,10,1
México0,30,40,50,50,40,40,40,40,40,30,30,30,3
Nicaragua0,10,10,10,10,1
Panamá0,40,20,10,20,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,20,2
Paraguay0,10,00,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,2
Perú0,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,20,2
Puerto Rico0,40,4
Trinidad y Tobago0,10,10,00,00,00,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,1
Uruguay0,20,50,30,30,30,30,30,40,40,40,50,40,4
República Bolivariana de Venezuela0,20,20,20,30,30,3
Argelia0,10,5
Bahrein0,1
Egipto0,20,20,40,50,50,60,60,70,70,60,70,80,90,9
Irán0,60,30,30,20,40,80,8
Iraq0,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,0
Israel3,83,93,93,94,14,04,14,24,54,64,85,25,75,6
Jordania0,7
Kuwait0,10,10,10,10,10,30,40,10,10,10,10,20,2
Malta0,50,60,70,80,70,70,70,60,60,60,60,70,7
Marruecos0,7
Omán0,10,20,10,20,20,20,20,20,30,30,3
Qatar0,50,50,50,7
Arabia Saudita0,00,90,90,90,80,50,4
República Árabe Siria0,0
Túnez0,70,70,70,60,60,60,60,60,70,70,7
Emiratos Árabes Unidos0,50,70,90,91,31,31,51,5
Palestina0,40,5
Canadá1,92,01,81,81,81,71,71,71,71,71,71,81,91,7
Estados Unidos de América2,62,52,72,72,72,72,72,82,92,93,03,23,53,5
India0,80,80,80,80,70,70,70,70,70,70,70,70,6
Nepal0,3
Pakistán0,10,40,30,30,20,20,20,2
Sri Lanka0,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,1
Angola0,0
Botswana0,50,30,6
Burkina Faso0,20,20,60,20,20,3
Burundi0,10,10,2
Cabo Verde0,1
Chad0,3
Costa de Marfil0,1
República Democrática del Congo0,10,4
Etiopía0,20,20,60,3
Ghana0,4
Kenia0,7
Lesotho0,00,1
Madagascar0,10,20,10,10,00,00,0
Malí0,60,30,30,20,2
Mauritania0,0
Mauricio0,30,40,20,40,30,40,40,4
Mozambique0,40,3
Namibia0,10,3
Ruanda0,60,8
Senegal0,40,6
Seychelles0,30,2
Sudáfrica0,80,70,70,70,70,70,70,70,80,70,60,6
Sudán0,50,2
Eswatini0,3
República Unida de Tanzania0,40,5
Gambia0,10,1
Togo0,20,20,2
Uganda0,20,40,1
Zambia0,0